A Systematic Review on the Comparison of Avandia and Actos in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a condition that is described by a constant ascent in the glucose levels of the blood.â It can prompt changes of the veins of the retina, nephron, heart, nerves, and so forth, causing a ton of complications.Individuals, who experience the ill effects of type 2 diabetes, could possibly require insulin (as the condition fundamentally happens because of insulin obstruction or ill-advised usage of insulin by the blood cells).â In numerous cases, individuals who experience the ill effects of type 2 diabetes, are at last given insulin, despite the fact that the medication isn't exceptionally powerful in charge the high glucose levels (Ligaray, 2008).Studies led in the UK successfully exhibit that 25 % of the patients who experience the ill effects of type II diabetes require insulin inside 6 years of starting treatment with oral hypoglycaemic operators (Edelman, 2005).In clinical practice, type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest ailments that are se en.â The insulin levels might be low, faulty in nature or the very use of insulin by the fat, liver and the muscle cells might be hampered.â The individual may not rely upon insulin for taking back the blood glucose levels back to normal.â Ketosis only here and there grows, yet is basic under unpleasant conditions (Inzucchi, 2007).Today, in the US, the screening for diabetes is typically acted in seniors or high-hazard people, and as such there might be a few individuals from everybody who might be quietly experiencing the disorder.The predominance of diabetes mellitus in the US is around 7 %, yet in people over the age of 50 years, the occurrence might be around 15 %.â Certain minority bunches including the Hispanics, African-Americans, Native Americans, and so on, are at a higher danger of building up the disorder.â The mean time of rate of the turmoil in high-chance populaces ordinarily happen at a more youthful age contrasted with the White American populations.â If we take a gander at the pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus type 2 all through the world, the rate is high in Indians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Latin Americans, etc.In Australians, Africans, Aborigines, Asians, and so on, the rate is relative lower when they live in the local countries.â However, when they move to the US, the commonness of the confusion is generally higher, attributable to the adjustment in way of life, poor authority over hazard factors, etc.A extraordinary extent of diabetic patients bite the dust from cardiovascular maladies, for example, respiratory failures, stroke, etc.â Studies have viably exhibited that the hazard for heart infection brings two-overlap up in men, and up to four folds in ladies (Ligaray, 2008).The principle pathophysiology of diabetes is the ascent in the blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) because of the low insulin levels in the blood, inappropriate use of insulin by the phones, flawed working of the insulin or protection from insuli n.â The pancreatic beta islet cells may not deliver adequate measures of insulin required by the body or a few gatherings of cells present in the body, for example, the fat, muscle, liver, and so on, might be impervious to the activity of insulin.Studies directed during dissection have successfully exhibited that the beta cell mass in type 2 diabetics are diminished to about a large portion of the ordinary size.â The body cells think that its apparently hard to use glucose bringing about lower measure of glucose transportation to the muscles, more prominent creation of glucose by the liver and more noteworthy breakdown of fat (Ligaray, 2008).Other reasons for diabetes type 2 incorporate creation of substance by the body that hamper the activity of insulin, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity.â When the individual devours starches, there are chances that the blood glucose level would raise further, as insulin isn't accessible to control (Inzucchi, 2007).The capacity of the body to u tilize insulin quickly to control starch and sugar level after ingestion is troublesome (Ligaray, 2008).â Studies may have indicated that in spite of the fact that the insulin inadequacy might be gentle, the capacity of the insulin to stop a quick ascent in the blood glucose level would be absent.â When the individual experiences mellow sort 2 diabetes during the underlying stages, there are chances that the insulin emission would react to different secretogogues, for example, amino acids.However, in extreme kind 2 diabetes, the condition doesn't react to different secretogogues bringing about an extreme lack of insulin.â In people experiencing type 2 diabetes, there might be affidavit of an amyeloid-like substance in the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets.â The beta-cells start to glitch following the testimony of amyloid (Inzucchi, 2007).In a portion of the sort 2 diabetics the insulin discharge might be imperfect in nature.â The capacity of the phones to react to insul in is decreased and the typical reaction is less.The cells will most likely be unable to utilize the insulin viably to guarantee use of glucose by the cells.â In a domain of hyperglycaemia, the phones think that its hard to use the insulin and the glucose.â The body thinks that its hard to create glycogen from glucose in the liver and breakdown of fats, because of the diminished affectability of the insulin.The precise purpose behind the poor reaction of the phones to insulin isn't seen obviously, yet researchers recommend that it has to do with the blemished mitochondrial working and the collection of free unsaturated fats in the phones that are generally expected to react to insulin.â The insulin receptors in such cells might be ordinary, yet the insulin pathways that are identified with the insulin receptors may go haywire.The working of the glucose moving specialist GLUT may become abnormal.â Scientists likewise feel that the deformities in insulin use and glucose transp ortation might be because of a hereditary defect.â Obesity additionally expands the danger of the individual creating protection from insulin.â The nearness of free unsaturated fats in the body would propose more noteworthy measure of lipid statement in the liver and the muscles therefore assuming a significant job in creating insulin opposition (Inzucchi, 2007).When the blood glucose levels are high, the affectability of the phone to insulin and the capacity of the phone to use glucose are genuinely affected.â Besides, an ascent in the lipids in the blood can influence glucose digestion, causing a raise in hepatic gluconeogenesis, and raising the free unsaturated fat levels.â The pancreas capacities unusually and the muscles can't use glucose successfully (Inzucchi, 2007).It might be hard to declare whether the essential deformity in type 2 diabetics is because of insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.â Studies have shown that in high-chance populaces, the underlying i mperfection is basically because of insulin obstruction and a reduction in the insulin sensitivity.However, diabetes would not happen just with insulin opposition alone.â Studies have demonstrated that much of the time because of the secretory deformities, the beta cells appear to get exhausted.â It might likewise be that ceaseless incitement of the beta-cells alongside the hereditary imperfections would bring about insulin deficiency (Inzucchi, 2007).Evidence emphatically underpins that hereditary qualities and ecological components both assume a significant job in the improvement of diabetes mellitus type 2 (some even propose complex hereditary factors).â Most of the types of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been polygenic in nature, while development beginning diabetes of the youthful (MODY) has been monogenic in nature.â There is an unmistakable familial linkage found in diabetes mellitus type 2, yet there is by all accounts no old style Mendelian legacy (Inzucchi, 2007).Di abetes mellitus patients are at the danger of high mortality in the event that their condition exacerbates and difficulties develop.â Hence, one the keys to guarantee a more extended life expectancy in diabetes patients is compelling administration utilizing medications and medications.Studies have plainly shown that diabetes patients require a forceful, serious and early intercession that would have the option to recognize an ascent in the glucose level and guarantee that it is brought inside ordinary range.â One of the most troublesome intricacies of diabetes patients would be creating is heart disease.The mortality from coronary illness is very high (70 %) in diabetics.â Besides, the expenses of dealing with a patient experiencing diabetes and coronary illness are around multiple times higher (Unger, 2008).Diabetes mellitus is primarily analyzed based on the plasma glucose levels.â The fasting blood glucose level ought to be in excess of 126 mg for every dl of blood.â T he post prandial blood glucose level ought to be more prominent than 200 mg for each dl of blood (regularly taken 2 hours after a meal).â The impeded glucose resilience levels incorporate 140 to 199 post-prandially.In diabetes, an arbitrary blood glucose test ought to exhibit perusing over 200 mg for each dl alongside the nearness of side effects of diabetes.â For the person to be named diabetic, the blood glucose tests ought to exhibit steady results.â Hemoglobin A-1c is likewise helpful in showing the review glucose levels, yet can't be taken as standard as there are a few potential mistakes that might be related with this test (Buse, 2008).

Malcolm X, Dr. Martin Luther King and Bobby Seale Research Paper

Malcolm X, Dr. Martin Luther King and Bobby Seale - Research Paper Example The thing that matters was the manner in which each man advanced equivalent rights. Martin Luther King Jr. thought quiet obstruction was the way. He drove blacklists to battle Jim Crow laws. He had confidence in joining. Malcolm X lectured abhor and isolation from the ‘white devils’. He needed equivalent rights without coordination. Bobby Seale trusted in real life. He secured his neighborhood through brutality. The Black Panthers instigated riots, most outstandingly at the Democratic Convention. Another significant contrast that affected each man’s sees was religion. Lord was Christian. Malcolm X was a Muslim. Bobby Seale didn't generally have a religion. The Black Panthers followed an increasingly Marxist way. Martin Luther King Jr. what's more, Malcolm X were both killed. Bobby Seale is as yet alive. Lord and Seale originated from the South, yet Malcolm X originated from the North. Lord and Seale had fathers that worked and homemaker moms. Malcolm X was from a split home and even wound up in child care. Seale served in the military, yet the other two didn't. The SCLC helped the Civil Rights Movement most regarding gathering positive consideration regarding the reason. The Nation of Islam roused a dread in both high contrast Americans. The Black Panthers impelled brutality that prompted the groups of

Nuclear Iran Essay -- Foreign Policy

Atomic Iran Should United States go up against Iran for its practices for enhancing uranium? For quite a long time the fanatic Islamic system of Iran has been the main foe of U.S and its partners especially, Israel. Additionally, Iran has been supporting the fear based oppressor gatherings, for example, Taliban and Al Qaeda in Iraq and Afghanistan to murder American soldiers. Besides, during the previous ten years Iran has been attempting to become atomic which can permit them to make atomic bombs and weapons to clear Israel off the guide which they have guaranteed before they would decisively. While, Iranian government demands that it has no goals of extending its atomic program to make weapons and it is just for tranquil purposes, ayatollah Mohammad Baqer Kharrazi, secretary general of Iranian Hezbollah, expressed, â€Å"We can create nuclear bombs, and we will do that(1).† So, there is an incredible clash between Middle Eastern nations and Arab nations that are U.S’s partners, f or example, Israel and Saudi Arabia to let Iran become an atomic force, and a more noteworthy clash inside U.S in light of the two intrusion wars that have cost trillions and thousands of lives. Consequently, there are different sides to this significant issue that whether U.S should let Iran to get atomic or will we air strike them and possibly cause a war that we won't have the option to bear? Despite the fact that Iran endures that there are no unsafe aims and they are just enhancing uranium to support their innovation and medical clinics, I trust U.S and its partners should stand up joined to Iran and quit giving them any complimentary gifts and go up against them militarily in light of Iran’s conduct in the over a wide span of time; likewise, substantiating themselves as not dependable to U.S. From the outset, starting with the resistance side of this... ...eneral of Iranian Hezbollah, February 14, 2005, composed for CQ Researcher, cqpress.com, the Iranian administration is undeniably more risky than most Westerners acknowledge, contends a long-term Iran peddle. 2. Senator Byrd, Robert, administrator, senate appointments advisory group. Composed for CQ Researcher, November 2007, contending with President Bush’s organization over assaulting Iran. 3. Bakhtiari, Farshid, a youthful PC sales rep, February. Cited in Kim Murphy, â€Å" Iran reformist need U.S. to tone down†, Los Angeles Times, Feb. 11,2007, p.A1 4. Rubin, Michael, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute. Rubin contends that the assents won’t be compelling due to Iran’s history of deceitfulness, cqpress.com, master/con part, pp3, November 11, 2007. 5. Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, the 62nd U.N. get together, obviously alluding to the United States, sep. 26,2007, www.president.it/en/.

Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Packs - Learn About The Power Engineer

Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Packs - Learn About The Power EngineerNikola Tesla was an interesting character whose influence has had a huge impact on the world. The science that Tesla is responsible for was a reality, for the first time in a century, so in the minds of people of his time, Tesla was a visionary who had made it to the future.In honor of Nikola Tesla, inventor and theorist of electric energy, the Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Packs offers a tool of knowledge to teachers and students of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This easy to use book is based on the Edison Papers of the University of California, published by McGraw-Hill. It provides a lesson plan based on the reports in the Power Engineering Series of EECS 860. The lesson plan is illustrated with illustrations from the works of Tesla, including photographs, diagrams, and color pictures.The images in the Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Pack depict a new method of communicating and transferring information by u tilizing non-volatile energy. A similar method of transmitting and receiving information is used to record news and events in a computer file. To illustrate this, illustrations include pictures of the waves of electrons in the atmosphere and the shapes of electrons orbiting the earth, as well as the formation of the sun.The Power Engineering Series is a collection of essays by Ralph Larson on engineering and electricity. Tesla gives special focus to the topic of power. The lesson plan is based on Tesla's thoughts on the energy of electricity, as well as information on different methods of transmitting energy from one place to another. Examples include the voltage of the earth, the functions of several different electrical devices, and many other interesting topics.The Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Packs provides an opportunity for students to go beyond the books they have used in the past to learn about Tesla. The lessons provided in the eBook are based on his views and ideas on the way electricity works. It gives them the opportunity to gain information through demonstrations in real life, as well as in diagrams and illustrations.The Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Packs is unique in that it also includes other materials and teaching tips that are not part of the main project in class. These include a list of studies and suggestions on how to prepare a study guide for the science fairs and scientific and engineering competitions. It also includes a list of references that show you how to read the articles for different states in the United States.Nikola Tesla Essay Sample Pack is a valuable resource for teaching students of all ages. Students will find it to be the perfect tool to go beyond the books they are using to learn about electricity. Teachers of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics will also find it to be an invaluable resource in the learning process.

The Farmers Market At The Larger Food Systems Society Essay

The purpose of this report is to explore the Farmers market at Farm to Fork in comparison to the larger food systems society contains. Food is an important aspect in our everyday lives, however, individuals often do not take into consideration the different social relations to food. The Farm to Fork was an interactive public event promoting non- GMO and organic food in order to achieve sustainability within Ontario. In order to describe the importance of this farmers market, Smithers et al (2008), provide a definition of what a farmers market contains in order to compare these elements to the industrial food system. I believe the definition that they provide is an accurate representation of what Farm to Fork wished to achieve. Smithers et al (2008), describe a farmers market as â€Å" a complex an ambiguous space where notions of local, quality, authenticity and legitimacy find expression and transactions around food† (p. 337). This paper seeks to not only understand alterna tive food markets but to also touch upon the activism promoted by various speakers and vendors. An analysis will also be provided on specific characteristics seen at this farmers market in comparison to course articles focusing on farmers market from other experiences. Lastly, exploring the farmers market will allow for a critical engagement on a comparison and contrast to the course concepts as well as raise questions on consumer knowledge and understanding. One of the objectives that this field tripShow MoreRelatedGeography Of Food : Midterm Exam1630 Words   |  7 PagesGEOGRAPHY OF FOOD MIDTERM EXAM Terms to Define (answer 5) Consolidation: any industry consolidates when one of the steps in the commodity chain becomes controlled by a finite number of producers. In the beef industry consolidation would be at the slaughterhouse and meat packing level. One company would consolidate the steps of production into one facility. 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The exceptional development in yields and agricultural total factor productivity owes much to biological innovations in crop seeds, development of hybrid crops in the early part of the 20th century, with adoption of high-yielding varieties and modern biotechnology. Development of new types of pesticides and seeds has substantially improved agricultural productivity (). Agricultural input markets have evolved and family–owned and other small businesses gave way to larger enterprisesRead MoreGenetically Organisms : Genetically Modified Organism1528 Words   |  7 Pagesgenetic modification either through selective breeding and/or cross pollination. Selective breeding or artificial selection is humans breeding animals or plants for particular traits. When farmers breed their bulls, cows, horses, chickens, or anything they are handling, the animals tend to be domesticated. Every farmer is guilty of this because they want their animals to be the biggest and the best, so of course they take their best male and female and let them mate. Sometimes they will just use theirRead MoreFood Production Shortage : One Of The Planet s Most Prominent Future Issues1141 Words   |  5 PagesFood production shortage: one of the planet’s most prominent future issues. Today, most of the world’s agriculture and farming is able to keep up with the over seven billion people residing on Earth, but the future suggests problems. â€Å"The world is less than 40 years away from a food shortage that will have serious implications for people and governments, according to a top scientist at the U.S. Agency for International Development.† (Texas AM AgriLife Communications). This hypothesis is based uponRead MoreFood Industry And The Food System980 Words   |  4 Pagesaround a modern supermarket today there is an average of about 47,000 products. But somehow only a handful of food companies actually produce all of these products. According to the film, Food,Inc. our current system is not only severely hurtful to our nutrition but also to the consum ers of food, and how these corporations are getting away with all of this wrongdoing. Today’s food system is nothing what is was fifty years ago, there aren’t animals or corn being raised on farms, they are factoriesRead MoreAgriculture1692 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as farming. The sector, if well developed, should contribute significantly to welfare improvement. In the colonial period, the government paid particular attention to provinces which were accessible by railways and also to large estate farmers within these provinces. After independence, attempts were made to redress the imbalance between these provinces and the less accessible ones. This essay sets to highlight certain agricultural policy considerations which were taken into account

Essay about Critical Response to the Turn of the Screw

Henry James’ novella the Turn of the Screw is a highly ambiguous piece of fiction. Set in Edwardian England, a very naà ¯ve woman is left in charge of two young children. The beautiful Bly however appears to be hiding a few dark secrets. The appearance of two ghosts plays on the governess’ mind, she comes to the conclusion the children are in danger and being possessed by these two horrors. Throughout the novella James successfully creates a mystical atmosphere, his ambiguous style forces us to think twice about what is written and decide for ourselves whether or not this is purely a ghost story or something far more sinister. However after several reads and a close look behind the words, it becomes clear that the ‘ghosts’ that haunt the†¦show more content†¦A woman as fanciful and dreamy as this in such a position is not going to survive. As we continue to read this novella we must notice the governess’ wild and unnecessary use of elaborate adjectives to describe the simplest of things. Her style of writing in itself is quite romantic and poetic, full of metaphors and oxymorons. However sometimes her choice of words is so prompting we must take a closer look into perhaps a double or triple meaning. When she first sights the ghost of Peter Quint on top of the house she is able to describe his position with amazing precision in note of the fact she was some distance from him and her sighting was quite brief. She comments â€Å"he stood at an angle, tall and erect†¦ he fixed me with a hard gaze† and when yet again she confides in Mrs Grouse she gives a very elaborate description commenting on his â€Å"tight red curls, pale face, long in shape, small tiny whickers, darker arched eyebrows and the fact that he had no hat†. The governess even uses phrases such as â€Å"the intercourse of our conve rsation added to the intensity of our meeting† in description of everyday things such as normal conversation. The governess certainly has deeper meaning behind most of her words. The last and most important point in regards to the governess’ repressed sexual desires is her highly inappropriate and unprofessional behaviour with both her pupils, in particular Miles. There is a constant underlying power struggle between the two. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Nameless Governess in The Turn of the Screw: Hero or Villain?1181 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpretations and retelling or rewriting of the events. One critical response by Edmund Wilson regarded the Governess as hallucinatory. 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What happens remains irrevocably uncertain’ James uses the prologue to the novel to introduce the themes with in this Novella but more importantly he encourages the readers to be active in reading between the lines , and not to accept what is said at face value , James achieves this by surrounding Douglass with a group of people who are clearly and intentlyRead MoreHenry James, the Art of Fiction and the Turn on the Screw3624 Words   |  15 Pages1. Henry James’s theory of the novel, introduced in his critical essay The Art of Fiction, has been considered as â€Å"playing an important part in the definition of the new conventions of the modernist novel† (Dobrinescu, 203). The theory’s central point or main concern has to do with, as Hopkins considers, â€Å"taking the novel (and, consequently, theoretical discussion of the novel) seriously†. 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Output from the collector is fed into the base of the second transistor where it modulates the resonant frequency of the tank circuit (the 5 turn coil and the trim cap) by varying the junction capacitance of the transistor. Junction capacitance is the function of the potential difference appli ed to the base of the transistor. The tank circuit is connected in a colpitt’s oscillator circuit. Read MoreHouse Wiring5271 Words   |  22 Pageselectric wiring. These are - service entry, branch circuit and panel board.    Service Entry:   The point in the house where the electrical service goes from the main grid into the home is called as ‘service entry’. Service entry is considered as a critical point in basic electrical wiring. You must make sure that the entry lines are at least ten feet above the ground and inaccessible from the  window. It should be free of obstructions like tree branches. 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Online Content Movies and TV

Question: Australia: Online content such as download of movies and TV A crime or not? Answer: Rationale Diagram Introduction Ethical theories have been used for a detailed analysis of the selected case study and the one that has been chose is that of increased incidences of download of movies and TV from the online sources in Australia. These sources are unfamiliar and unreliable in nature and in spite of that there is an increase in such cases at an extremely rapid pace. The primary reason behind such activities is absence of any law or defined criminal action that may withhold people from attempting it. Also, there is a huge cost associated with acquiring the same content from original sources which makes download as an easy and free of cost option (Life, News, crime, 2014). Ethical theories Base of the analysis Just Consequentialism It is a theory which defines the act as ethical or unethical in nature on the basis of its outcome or the consequences that result from the same. The motive or the intent behind the same plays a lesser role as far as this particular theory is concerned (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2003). The case study under discussion revolves around the act of acquiring the online content related to the work of art and cinema and the same is termed as unethical in nature as per the norms of the theory of Just Consequentialism. The main factors that have been considered for this are as described below: There is a significant loss that the makers of the movies or TV have to go through due to increased download of content from unreliable and unauthorized sources. The possibility of a legal action is not nullified as the offence could be taken to the court and reported as a civil issue. Remunerative and redeeming charges would be applied if found guilty Since, it is seen that the consequences that result out of this activity are not favorable in nature for every part involved, thus, the act is unethical in nature (Moor, 2016). Virtue Ethics The second theory that has been selected as the base to term the act of downloads as ethical or unethical is the theory of Virtue Ethics. It decided the activity as right or wrong on the basis of intent or the morals behind the same ("Virtue Ethics - By Branch / Doctrine - The Basics of Philosophy", 2016). The primary motive behind the majority of users to have the movies and TV downloaded is to have enjoyment and entertainment for personal use and for friends and family. As per the theory of Virtue Ethics, the basic aim in life is to be happy and to spread happiness. The activity is thus, termed as ethical in this case ("LectureforExercise1.html", 2016). There are two scenarios that are involved in this act such as: Users who get hold of such content for the motive of enjoyment, fun, time-pass or entertainment. Users who further sell off such content in the market to make profit and use the same for commercial benefits. Ethical Issues in ICT There are a number of concerns that emerge in the world of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The can have some serious damage done for the individual as well as for the organization (Edewor, n.d.). Some of the most frequently seen issues of ICT are: ICT polished skill Privacy Security Cyber-wrong doings Intellectual property Legalization and censorship Incorporation of the society and social norms Community and character Pervasive and joint registering ("CCSR:The Ethics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Business", 2016) The issues that have been discussed in detail in respect to the case study are those of Intellectual Property, Security and Cyber-crime. Intellectual Property refers to the property that belongs to an individual, group of individuals or an organization. The first form of such right is that of Copyrights and the second one is that related to the Industrial Property rights ("WTO | intellectual property (TRIPS) - what are intellectual property rights?", 2016). There is a violation of Intellectual Property with the download of content from unauthorized sources and the violation that occurs is that of the Copyrights. Makers impose the copyrights on their works of art and the violation of the same can be reported as a copyright infringement and be accounted for a legal action. The next issue in the list is that of security. There are innumerable sources on the internet from where the users can download movies and TV. Not all of these are reliable in nature and some of these can bring along malicious programs. These comprise of a set of instructions that are installed on the user machine and promote a particular product or capture the entire activity that is performed ("What is spyware and adware?", 2016). The same can lead to damage to the confidentiality and integrity of the system. The third issue that is broadly seen in the present era of internet and digital media is that of the cyber crimes. These are the activities that result in severe damage and adverse effects on the individual and the system as well. These capture the information through unauthenticated means and use the same to perform unauthorized activities ("What Is Cyber Crime? - Definition, Types Examples - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com", 2016). There are many cyber crimes that take place with cyber stalking being the one that occurs very frequently. In this case, the attackers seize the address of the machine that is the computer system of the target machine and use the same to get inside the victims machine. All of the confidential and private information is then accessed by the attacker and malicious activities are performed which may result in huge loss to the image and reputation ("What is Cyberstalking? - Definition from Techopedia", 2016). Viruses which are a set of programs that are designed to perform malicious activity are also used to perform cyber crime ("What is a computer virus? definition and meaning", 2016). Conclusion Australia has been a primary victim to the activities of download of content from unauthorized sources. There are various reasons behind the growth of such activities with no defined law to minimize it and the additional costs that are present behind acquiring the same from original source being the major ones. The two ethical theories that judge the act report it as ethical and unethical in nature as per the theory of Just Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics respectively. In case of the commercial use, the same act is termed as unethical by the theory of virtue ethics as well. The other issues that are seen revolving around this activity are those of Intellectual Property, cyber crimes and security. These issues arise due to the unreliability and unfamiliarity of the sources as they are unauthorized and unauthenticated in nature. References CCSR:The Ethics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Business. (2016). Ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/resources/general/ethicol/Ecv8no2.html Edewor, N. Ethics and Social Issues Related to Information Communication Technology (ICT). Government, Social And Legal Issues, 135-147. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-012-8.ch009 LectureforExercise1.html. (2016). Spot.colorado.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/Lecture3-EthicalTheories.html Life, D., News, D., crime, D. (2014). Downloading movies and TV is not a crime. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/downloading-movies-and-tv-is-not-a-crime-20141126-11uyie Moor,. (2016). Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.idt.mdh.se/kurser/computing/DVA417/Lectures/Moor.pdf Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2003). Consequentialism. Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism/ Virtue Ethics - By Branch / Doctrine - The Basics of Philosophy. (2016). Philosophybasics.com. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_virtue_ethics.html What is a computer virus? definition and meaning. (2016). BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/computer-virus.html What Is Cyber Crime? - Definition, Types Examples - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (2016). Study.com. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-cyber-crime-definition-types-examples.html What is Cyberstalking? - Definition from Techopedia. (2016). Techopedia.com. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/14326/cyberstalking What is spyware and adware?. (2016). Spychecker.com. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.spychecker.com/spyware.html WTO | intellectual property (TRIPS) - what are intellectual property rights?. (2016). Wto.org. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm